Definition of Energy in General Relativity via Approximate Symmetries Ibrar Hussain

Here approximate Lie symmetries are used to investigate the problem of energy in general relativity and in particular in gravitational waves (GW). For this purpose second-order approximate symmetries of the system of geodesic equations for the Reissner-Nordstrom, Kerr, Kerr-Newman and GW spacetimes are studied. It is shown that in the second-order approximation, energy must be rescaled for these spacetimes. Since GW spacetimes are time-varying vacuum solutions of Einstein's equations, there is no unambiguous means to define their energy content. Here a definition, using slightly broken symmetries is proposed. A problem is noted with the use of the proposal for pp waves. To attain a better understanding of the implications of this proposal we also use an artificially constructed time-varying non-vacuum plane symmetric metric and evaluate its Weyl and stress-energy tensors so as to obtain the gravitational and matter components separately and compare them with the energy content... Это и многое другое вы найдете в книге Definition of Energy in General Relativity via Approximate Symmetries (Ibrar Hussain)