Excerpt from Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. 9

With the establishment of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as a commercial crop in California in 1950, and its continued production in the state, we felt that it might be of interest to study its relationships to other species of the genus. Two such species are C. lanatus L. and C. baeticus (Boiss. & Rcut.) Nym., both reported by J. T. Howell to occur as wild weedy species in California (5). The results of crossing these and other wild species with C. tinctorius have been reported elsewhere in detail (1). Suffice it to say that C. tinctorius has 12 pairs of chromosomes, C. lanatus 22 pairs, and C. baeticus 32 pairs. Our studies have required a rather detailed review of the literature and extensive examination of herbarium specimens, which have added a little to our knowledge of the history of Carthamus in California, and have indicated where new locations of the wild species have been reported. Herbaria referred to here are the California Academy of Sciences Herbarium (CAS), the California Department of Agriculture Herbarium (CDA), and Dudley Herbarium at Stanford University (DS), the University of California Herbarium at Berkeley (UC), and the Department of Agronomy Herbarium at Davis (AHUC).

Our earliest California reference to safflower was in a booklet by Dr. H. H. Behr in 1884 (2). He reported that the specimen was an annual, that it had yellow flowers and no pappus, and that it grew near San Francisco. It probably was C. tinctorius.

Specimens of C. lanatus were collected in 1891 by T. S. Brandegcc in South San Francisco (UC, DS). Bioletti collected similar specimens from the same location in 1892 (UC). Greene (4) referred to the latter collection under the name Centrophyl-lum lanatum (L.) DC. & Duby and stated that it was naturalized about South San Francisco. Though his site has been referred to a number of times until 1911, we have not been able to find survivors nor recent references to it. Bolandcr in 1870 (3) did not refer to Carthamus species in the vicinity of San Francisco.

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