Makeup Designing as an Intersemiotic Translation Sheida Mehrabi Roshan and Kourosh Akef

Almost every time when one hears about translation, he merely thinks about rendering a text from a verbal language to another verbal language. However, in the early twentieth century a new version of translation introduced, a new way of transferring data which was not restricted to the borders of the verbal texts; Chandler (2013) argues that “here it should perhaps be noted that a 'text' can exist in any medium and may be verbal, non-verbal, or both... A text is an assemblage of signs (such as words, images, sounds and/or gestures)" (p. 9); intersemiotic translation is taking place in many parts of the human being’s life, from body gestures through architecture to cinema. Это и многое другое вы найдете в книге Makeup Designing as an Intersemiotic Translation (Sheida Mehrabi Roshan and Kourosh Akef)