Excerpt from Reconstruction and Union 1865-1912
The weeks following the surrender of Lee at Appomattox (April 9, 1865)justified General Sherman"s declaration that the South was "an empty shell." The Confederacy collapsed even more rapidly than it had arisen. The war-worn veterans in gray, weakened by want and wounds, scattered heavy-hearted to their desolated homes, and before the end of May the Stars and Stripes once more swung to every breeze from the Potomac to the Rio Grande.
The war was over. A revolt begun to perpetuate slavery and state rights had ended in a revolution that had extinguished both. The sword could be sheathed, but there remained the two great problems of the status of the seceded states and the status of the freedmen. Both problems pressed hard for solution, but the latter was infinitely the more difficult.
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