Excerpt from What and How: A Guide to Successful Oral Teaching

In the Kindergarten and Infant Schools most of the instruction given to the children must of necessity be by word of mouth, or by what is generally called "Oral Teaching." The same method has at times to be adopted with elder children. Much, however, of what goes by that name is often a mere talk about a subject which is passing through the teacher"s mind, but which is not lodged in the minds of those addressed. When such exercises are judged by the rules of teaching they are found to be failures. The cause of the failure is in the teachers themselves, and arises mainly from ignorance: ignorance of what is included in the term Teaching, and ignorance of the real nature of Instruction. To remove this ignorance is the object of the following pages.

First. The Nature of Teaching.

1. Teaching is not the mere storing the memory with words, but it is the development of ideas, which ideas may be regarded as so many mental forces enabling those who possess them to perform mental work on their own account.

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