Excerpt from Variations in the Grades of High School Pupils
Ten years ago no serious attempt had been made to study scientifically the relative merits of various systems of grading students, despite the fact that statistical methods for undertaking such studies were fully available and that grading plays so large a role in the school career of hundreds of thousands of school children. In the last five years, however, this inviting field has been the scene of numerous important investigations, so that we have at least arrived at a better understanding of the nature of the problem and of the general line along which progress must be made.
In the present monograph, Mr. Gray reports the methods and results of his investigation of one phase of the general problem, viz: the nature, degree and causes of the variations occurring in the grades of high-school pupils. His work should interest all teachers and more particularly all school administrators, because he not only shows clearly how unreliable are the grades commonly given by teachers and makes evident the need of instruction and training in grading, but also presents a relatively simple method by means of which any high-school principal can study the condition of the grading in his own school and take due steps to remedy the faults that he may find.
It is hoped that this monograph may be followed in the near future by one or more other studies of the distribution of grades.
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