Excerpt from Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 1876, Vol. 2

He remarked that, although, daring the last two centuries and a half, a great many distinguished anatomists and physiologists (whose names he mentioned) had directed their special attention to the conformation of the respiratory organs of birds, and their functions, nevertheless our knowledge in regard to these matters was in a very unsatisfactory state. For instance, with regard to the number and relations of the large air-vessels in connexion with the lungs of birds, anatomists seem to be not yet agreed; and with respect to the uses of these, the views held by different physiologists were very contradictory, and at best only conjectural: all which shews that the subject in question was one of great difficulty.

It is not a little singular that the views, which have been chiefly relied on as explaining the principal uses of the air-cells and their continuations into the cavities of the hollow bones of birds, will not bear for a moment a close scrutiny.

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