Excerpt from Cyclop?dia of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol. 8: Diseases of the Ovaries
In the earliest period of f?tal life the sexual gland develops at the side of the spinal column, on the inner side of the Wolffian body, and about the tenth week it begins to present a different appearance in the two sexes. The ovary is longer and flatter than the testicle, and at the same time assumes a more oblique position. After the ovary is somewhat more developed, a reduplication of the peritoneum (mesovariurn) forms and connects with the Wolffian body. According to II. Meyer, the length of the ovary in a ten weeks" f?tus is 3.8 mm., in a twenty weeks" f?tus 12 mm., in the mature f?tus 20 mm. The left ovary is smaller than the right. (H. Meyer and Hennig.)
Like the testicle the ovary also descends, but during the greater part of foetal life remains at the level of the false pelvis, and it is not until the last months that it reaches the inlet of the true pelvis. For some time afterwards both ovaries remain behind the uterus, slightly separated from one another.
According to A. Kolliker, the descent of the ovaries is explained most plausibly by the assumption of a difference in the rapidity of development of the organs lying above and below the ovary, in like manner as the lower part of the spinal cord ascends from the sacral canal to the second lumbar vertebra. At all events, the gubernaculum Hunteri plays no part in the descent of the ovaries.
After birth the mesovariurn forms a fold of peritoneum, which is composed of the posterior layer of the broad ligament. The ovary is not covered with peritoneum, but, in very great part, is pushed through an opening of the peritoneum into the peritoneal cavity, and, apart from the fimbriated extremity of the Fallopian tube, is the only organ situated within the peritoneal cavity. Only a small portion of the organ is situated between the folds of the broad ligament.
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