Excerpt from Consolidation of Rural Schools and Transportation of Pupils at Public Expense
Introduction, - "Consolidation of schools" is the term used when two or more school districts are made into a single district, one school in one building replacing two or more small schools in several buildings. In some States when but two schools are replaced by one, the new school is called a "union" school, the term "consolidated" being applied only when three or more schools are replaced by a single school. In other sections the term "consolidation" is used only in speaking of a school to which children are transported at public expense. When a single school is abandoned on account of the lack of sufficient pupils to keep it open, and the children attend school in a neighboring district, the term "consolidation" would seldom be applied. Consolidation in its best form takes place when schools not forced to close for lack of pupils are deliberately abandoned for the purpose of creating a larger school where more efficient, work may be done, or equivalent work at less expense.
Ohio uses the term "centralization" instead of "consolidation," a centralized school being one located where it may be most convenient for the children of an entire township. Sometimes the "centralized" school is located in the village nearest the center; sometimes it is located in the open country. Some of the Ohio centralized schools are housed in two or more buildings; the usual number, however, is but one. Many Western States have schools which to all intents and purposes are consolidated or centralized schools, although they do not replace older one-teacher schools. They are the original schools built to serve large territories and existing from their first establishment as two or more teacher schools.
The two primary motives in the movement for consolidation have been and still are (1) for the purpose of securing better educational facilities, and (2) for the purpose of decreasing the cost of education on the school district. Considerable space is given to the discussion of both of these subjects later in this bulletin.
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