Excerpt from Intellectuals and the Wage: A Study in Educational Psychoanalysis
With the development of the Industrial Revolution, the growth of modern middle-class democracy, the consummation of the laissez-faire competitive states, the relations between artists, scientists, patron and public have become more and more equivocal. In England Doctor Samuel Johnson"s famous letter to the Earl of Chesterfield sounded, over a hundred and fifty years ago, a kind of emancipation proclamation of the artist against the gentile servitude of patronage. Nevertheless patronage has continued. Artists, educators, and scientists are still too often mere flunkies. But whereas patronage under Renaissance aristocracy was sometimes rationally planned, patronage under middle class democracy is almost invariably capricious, utterly divorced from a healthy institutionalism. Very rarely does the captain of industry, with a modicum of discrimination, assume the artistic noblesse oblige of the lord of earlier days.
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