Excerpt from Lectures on the Strategy of the Russo-Japanese War
Every campaign possesses special features distinguishing it from others, and perhaps even rendering comparison with them difficult. These differences are conditioned by topography, fertility, and climate, by national characteristics, by relative strength and efficiency, by resources, and by the character of the rival leaders.
Some acquaintance with these factors is therefore required before a just appreciation can be made of the significance of the strategical operations during the recent struggle in Manchuria.
The first item dealt with will be the geography of the seat of the war.
The soldier regards geography from a somewhat different standpoint to that adopted by the civilian.
To the latter the term geography means information as to the physical features of a country, as to its resources, climate, railways, rivers, harbours, cities, inhabitants, exports, imports, policy, etc., which will be valuable in a commercial, political, or even social sense. But the soldier looks on all countries as possible theatres of war, and though he may, and does, seek for information similar to that required by the civilian, he enquires how the various physical, meteorological, commercial, human, and political factors will affect the progress of a campaign carried out in the country the geography of which he is studying.
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