Excerpt from Caledonia, Vol. 7: Or, a Historical and Topographical Account of North Britain From the Most Ancient to the Present Times
1.That the original inhabitants of South and North Britain were all Celtic; that the same Celtic tribes who peopled South and North Britain also colonised Ireland.
The proofs of those positions besides the authorities of Roman authors, in addition to probability, are the names, and in many instances the sameness of the names in South and North Britain, and also in Ireland, as they appear in Ptolemy and Richard; and the sameness of the names of places in South and in North Britain, from more recent authority, compared and explained from the Celtic speech at great length, namely,
Of promontories, harbours, and hills.
Of rivers, rivulets, and waters.
Of miscellaneous districts.
2. That the Caledonians of the first century and the Colonists, who were called Picts at the end of the third century, were the same Celtic people who were called Picts by different names at consecutive times; and, of course, that the Picts were a Celtic people; that is a Cambro-British people. Thus the main point of the Pictish question is satisfactorily established by the several proofs above mentioned.
3. That the first Gothic people who settled in North Britain were the Saxons in Lothian during the fifth century, who soon spread themselves over the Southern parts of North Britain.
4. The settlement of the Scoto-Irish in Kintyre during the year 503, who pushed their settlements over the Western districts of the neighbouring countries, and at length overpowered the Picts in 843 A. D. After this great event they carried their settlements over the whole country, which from those events became known at length by the distinguished name of Scotland.
5. The settlement of the Scoto-Irish Cruithne in Galloway at the end of the eighth century, goes to effectuate the same proofs.
6. The establishment of the Gothic Scandinavians in Orkney and Shetland, and subsequently on the coasts of Caithness and of Sutherland, as well as partially on the shores of the Hebride Isles, supply additional proofs by showing a manifest difference in local names from those of other parts of Scotland.
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