Excerpt from Illinois at Shiloh: Report of the Shiloh Battlefield Commission and Ceremonies at the Dedication of the Monuments Erected to Mark the Positions of the Illinois Commands Engaged in the Battle
The Battle of Shiloh, fought April 6 and 7, 1862, was one of the great battles of history, one the importance and quality of which will be more and more recognized as time passes. It was a battle in which were included half a dozen bloody smaller battles, it was a battle where conditions were such that there was almost the closeness of conflicts in medieval times, and where regiments and brigades of raw recruits showed in desperate struggle with each other what American courage is. It was a battle fought on a rough wooded plateau, down and up deep gullies and amid thick underbrush and heavy timber, where artillery duels were fought at simple musket range. It was a battle saved only at the eleventh hour and, finally, one so potent in its results that it may possibly have changed entirely the issue of a mighty war. Such was the Battle of Shiloh.
At the beginning of the year 1862 the Confederacy was practically in command of all territory south of the Ohio River. Its line of defense extended east and west across the state of Kentucky, from Columbus on the Mississippi River to Bowling Green on the east, and the army thus stretched across the state was under the direction of one of the ablest commanders the War of the Rebellion produced, General Albert Sidney Johnston. Under him were capable subordinate commanders, and strategic points were well fortified and garrisoned with heavy forces.
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