Excerpt from Pen Pictures and How to Draw Them: A Practical Handbook on the Various Methods of Illustrating in Black and White for "Process" Engraving
It is usual to say that there are three Arts of Design-architecture, sculpture, and painting. The nineteenth century has added a fourth to the number. Drawing in Pen and Ink, or, as it is otherwise called, Black and White, has, owing to special requirements, definitely taken rank as a separate art. By the aid of photography in its now highly developed state, a new and cheap method of engraving known as Process has, in some degree, revolutionised the world of matters artistic! Until within recent years most of the published drawings were prepared for the printer by the beautiful but costly art of wood engraving. What was formerly left altogether to the skill of the trained carver on wood is now more frequently produced automatically by a very simple method. The original drawing is photographed upon a plate of zinc. This plate is then carved chemically, or "bitten," as it is called, in an acid bath, and the result is a surface which, when inked, gives a replica of the drawing. Not only, however, has a great change come over the system of engraving, but the art of drawing itself, responding to new needs, has made enormous strides. There have never been such drawings as we see to-day, and what is more encouraging, the public taste has been raised to such a standard as to be intolerant of the crude, old-fashioned, and inaccurate style of illustration.
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