Excerpt from Text Book of Veterinary Medicine, Vol. 2
This lodges in the first two stomachs, and if, from any cause, rumination is impaired, or suspended, it finds itself in conditions especially favorable to fermentation. The food too, as in the case of frosted roots, wet clover or partially ripened grain, etc., is often charged with ferments (bacteria) in a state of great vital activity, and hence the frequent tympanies of the ox. The ruminant is no less liable than the soliped to overload the stomach, and though the return of food from the first two stomachs to the mouth is a normal process, this is promptly arrested by the supervention of paresis in the overloaded and overdistended organs. This overdistension further tensely stretches and closes the lips of the ?sophagean opening. The rapid swallowing of the food, with only one or two strokes of the teeth for each morsel, renders the large ruminant more liable to take in poisons, pins, nails and other injurious bodies, especially when hunger and the blunting of the sense of smell have been brought on by traveling on dusty roads. Again the large ruminants, and especially cows are wont to while away the tedious hours by chewing and unwittingly swallowing pieces of leather, cloth, bones, iron, etc. Once more the third stomach in which the food is compressed and triturated between the multiple folds, is normally comparatively dry, and is liable under dry, fibrous, heating or stimulating aliment, or in case of fever, to dry up in part or in whole, and to derange the whole process of digestion.
All herbivora are liable to disease from unwholesome fodder and the resulting affection may prove epizootic in connection with unfavorable seasons, or more local, from faulty cultivation. The symptoms vary so much in connection with the seat and nature of the disease that it would be impolitic to attempt to generalize them.
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