Excerpt from The Encyclopedia of Practical Horticulture, Vol. 2: A Reference System of Commercial Horticulture; Covering the Practical and Scientific Phases of Horticulture With Special Reference to Fruits and Vegetables

The number of eggs deposited by a single female exceeds 100, and possibly 200. The eggs remain unchanged, or dormant, in the twigs until the following spring, hatching in May or early in June.

The eggs of the buffalo tree hopper are subject to the attacks of at least two minute egg parasites, which often do much to keep the insect in check

In general characteristics the larvae and nymphs resemble the adults, but are wingless and covered along the center dorsally with numerous forked or barbed projections.

Food Plants

All kinds of succulent plants such as weeds and garden vegetables are fed upon, but in this respect the insect is not a serious pest.

Remedies

The destruction of the insects themselves is hardly practical. By limiting the amount of unnecessary vegetation in and about nurseries and orchards, a great deal can be done toward keeping down the insect in the larval and pupal stages. Pruning out and burning the infested twigs will also materially decrease their numbers. Clean cultivation will probably do more than all other precautions.

Canker Worm

Notolopus sp.

H. F. Wilson

In the early spring, after the apple leaf buds have opened, we often find numbers of little darkish colored measuring worms, which feed on the leaves. These are called canker worms and are apparently different from our Eastern canker worms. The eggs of this insect are deposited on the trunks and leaves and hatch in the spring. When first hatched the larvae are very small and such feeding as they do is not apparent. As they increase in size the entire leaf, with the exception of the midrib and larger veins, is devoured. About four weeks after hatching the larvae are full fed and then drop to the ground, enter to a depth of a few inches and pupate. They remain here until late fall or early spring, when they change to the adult insect. The eggs are deposited in masses by wingless moths of sluggish appearance that gradually crawl up a small twig, depositing the eggs as they move forward.

The female moth is brownish in color with a slight tinge of gray and measures about three-fourths inch in length. The male moth has not been observed. As the female moth is unable to fly, this species is distributed very slowly, and since the larvae readily succumb to arsenical poisons, there is very little chance for this pest to ever become very serious.

The same remark would apply to the fall canker worms.

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