Excerpt from Report of the Select Committee on the Geological Survey
The Select Committee appointed to report upon the best means of making public the valuable information already obtained by the Geological Survey, and completing it at an early period upon an uniform system, beg leave to report:
That they have diligently enquired into the subject referred to them, and in pursuing their investigations, they have necessarily had before them the whole subject of the Geological Survey; they have called for evidence from several gentlemen conversant with Geology and its applications in this Province, and have asked for and obtained the advice of distinguished Geologists in the neighbouring Union, the whole of which is herewith submitted.
The first branch of the enquiry referred to your Committee is the best means of making public the information already collected by the Geological Survey; but before submitting to your Honorable House any recommendation upon this subject, it may be desirable to point out what has been the actual progress of the Survey up to the present time, and what the nature of the materials at our disposal.
Since the first commencement in 1843, Mr. Logan and his assistants have traversed and examined every part of Canada, from Gaspe to the head of Lake Superior, in the uninhabited portions, following for the most part the course of the Lakes, the St. Lawrence, and the Ottawa, and their principal affluents, and in the settled parts penetrating farther into the interior.
The minuteness, with which the exploration of this immense tract of country has been conducted, has varied very much according to circumstances, as the means of access, the immediate requirements of the country, and the interest and importance of the formations under examination. In some cases, where the geological structure maintains an uniform character over large areas, as on the north side of Lake Ontario, little more has been done than to trace the boundary between the principal formations. In others, as on Lakes Superior and Huron, in the upper part of the Ottawa Country, and in Gaspe, the nature of the country, and the entire absence of reliable topographical surveys, rendered any other examination impossible in a limited time, except to trace the course of the principal streams, with such occasional excursions into the interior, as the Geological observations seemed to dictate; whilst in some, where the facilities were greater, and the field more inviting, considerable minuteness has been attained, as in the region between Lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario, the country between the St. Lawrence and the Ottawa, and some parts of Lower Canada, south of the St. Lawrence. The result has been such, as to enable Mr. Logan to lay down with sufficient certainty the general geological features of the whole of Canada, and to fill up many of the more interesting parts in considerable detail.
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