Excerpt from The Spanish Dependencies in South America, Vol. 1 of 2: An Introduction to the History of Their Civilisation
The history of Spanish rule in South America comprehends three periods, each of which has its peculiar character, but they cannot be exactly separated by definite dates. The first is characterised by voyages of discovery and exploring expeditions, and may be said to extend from 1492 to 1550. The second is marked by the organisation and development of political societies dependent on Spain, and lies between 1550 and 1730; while the third period extends from this last date to the battle of Ayacucho, in 1824, and is especially distinguished by the increasing social importance of the creoles and mestizos, the disastrous effects of Spain's commercial policy, the decline of loyalty to the mother country, and the successful struggle for independence.
This book aims to present an account of the second, or middle, period. It treats of the beginnings of European civilisation in widely separated regions of South America, and sets forth some of the characteristic events associated with the slow development of colonial communities. The early voyages of discovery and the exploring expeditions, which give a certain romantic quality to the history of the first period, are here brought into view only in so far as they led to the establishment of European settlements.
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