Excerpt from The Function and Needs of Schools of Education in Universities and Colleges
Historically, as early as the end of the sixteenth century, Richard Mulcaster, an English schoolmaster, is found pleading for a "College of Traine" and asking the pointed question: "Why should not leaders be well provided for to continue their whole life in school, as Divines, Lawyers, and Physicians do in their several professions?" Germany led the way by founding the first pedagogical seminary in 1619 at Kothen under Ratich. This foundation gave birth to the normal school development on the continent of Europe, and later to the establishment of chairs in seminaries within universities for the systematic study of educational problems. In Germany, as later in America, the need for the training of elementary teachers first suggested professional training and our first normal schools, established in Massachusetts and New York in 1839, were founded in response to an outside demand to satisfy this need and to the fact, then becoming evident, that a new and vigorous nation had been born and must be perpetuated. Agencies for the professional training of secondary teachers came more slowly. The expanding curricula of normal schools, providing for the instruction of secondary teachers, suggested to the colleges, especially the state universities of the West, the creation of normal departments; and between 1845 and 1870 Henry Barnard and Brown University led in the establishment of such departments in a number of American colleges. These departments were in no sense professional schools but rather tentative efforts to train teachers in school procedure and methods. This normal school movement, both in colleges and normal schools proper, originated with the people and as a result of the pressure of public need, and had no better defined purpose than the training of teachers of all grades, but especially the elementary grades of school work. Passing through a natural process of evolution under changing conditions of education, the movement in the universities eventually came to concern itself with the professional preparation of secondary teachers. By the last quarter of the nineteenth century, this new impulse had taken very definite shape in Great Britain and America. Single chairs for professional teacher-training had been established at Edinburgh and Glasgow in the early 'seventies, and in 1879, under William H. Payne, Michigan became the pioneer of such training in America by establishing a professorship in the "Science and Art of Teaching."
About the Publisher
Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. Это и многое другое вы найдете в книге The Function and Needs of Schools of Education in Universities and Colleges (Classic Reprint) (Edwin Anderson Alderman)