Excerpt from Laboratory Guide for the Study of the Frog
For the introductory study of the structure and physiology of a typical vertebrate, there is no form better adapted than the common frog. The present course is based largely on the well-known works of Huxley, Marshall and Holmes; the author's task has been mainly that of simplification and adaptation, primarily to meet the needs of his own students. These directions are the outcome of eight years' experience in teaching the biology of the frog in the University of Michigan, Syracuse University, the University of Wisconsin and the Michigan State Normal College; the author is naturally much indebted to his former teachers and associates, particularly to Prof. S. J. Holmes.
As a general rule, the order of topics in the text should be followed, since it is planned to give a distinct picture of each organ system in its relation to the whole, with the greatest economy of time and material. For pedagogical reasons an exception should be made in the case of certain histological topics: it seems best to begin the microscopical work with the study of some simple tissues, such as the stratum corneum, cartilage, and perhaps also blood, connective tissue and unstriated muscle fiber, before attempting the study of cross-sections of such complex structures as the alimentary canal and the kidney. By following the sequence of topics in this manual, all the study of gross anatomy, excepting the work on the circulatory system and the skeleton, may be done with a single specimen.
In connection with the laboratory work the student should read the corresponding portions of Holmes' Biology of the Frog. As a rule the reading on a given topic should follow, rather than precede, the laboratory study of that topic.
In case time is limited, the work may be shortened by a judicious omission of topics. The chapters on the eye and the ear, the thyroid glands, and even the skeleton and the muscles, may be omitted without serious detriment to the remainder of the work. In case material is limited, an entire frog may be saved for each student by omitting the special dissection of the venous system.
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