Excerpt from General Physiology, an Outline of the Science of Life
The elementary constituent of all living substance and the substratum of all elementary vital phenomena is the cell. Hence, if the task of physiology lies in the explanation of vital phenomena, it is evident that general physiology can be only cell-physiology.
Modern physiology has arrived at a point in its development where it must constantly extend its inquiries to the cell, the elementary substratum of all life that exists upon the earth's surface. It appears more and more clear that the general problems of life are cell-problems. This fact suggested to me the idea of examining from the cell-physiological standpoint these general problems, and the facts, theories, and hypotheses of the nature of life - subjects which thus far had never received comprehensive treatment - and thus outlining a field in which the various branches of special physiology might unite. In the present book, therefore, I have made an attempt to treat general physiology as general cell-physiology.
In dedicating this effort to the memory of Johannes Muller, I would express the obligation that we all owe to the work of our great master in physiology. But, more than all else, I would indicate Muller's comparative-physiological standpoint, a standpoint that I have always strongly endeavoured to maintain in my own work. The comparative method of dealing with physiological problems, which Muller's researches made so extremely fruitful, was unfortunately laid aside after his death, as physiology dealt more and more with the special problems of the human body. But it is now being shown constantly that the amount of material available for work in this latter field is too small in view of the variety of problems.
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