Excerpt from Ontario Public School Arithmetic
In each of such terms as: 5 inches, 3 quarts, 7 pounds, $4, three things are named. For example, in 5 inches we have:
(а) A quantity measured or to be measured, namely, 5 inches.
(b) The unit used in measuring, namely, one inch.
(c) The number obtained by counting how many times the unit is found in the quantity, namely, five - the symbol for which is 5.
Number comes from measuring some quantity by a unit.
The unit used is not always the same. It may be one pound, one foot, one dollar, one dozen, one ten, but it is always a part of the quantity measured.
Exercise 1
1. Name some quantities you have measured. What unit did you use in each case?
2. What unit would you use to measure: milk? cheese? potatoes? eggs? time?
3. Name some articles which are measured by the peck, the foot, the pair, the head, the twelve, the hundred, the thousand.
4. Measure a quantity of water, using a pint and a quart. What number do you get in each case? How many quarts are there in a gallon?
5. Measure a quantity of sand by the pint and by the gallon. What number do you get in each case? How many pints are there in a gallon, and in a quart?
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