Excerpt from Liquid Steel Its Manufacture and Cost
In preparing this treatise I have attempted, with the help of Mr. Gladwyn, to set forth and compare the various items of cost in the different processes of steel manufacture of any commercial importance. Its perusal, I hope, will stimulate a closer study of this most essential side of steel manufacture.
It is generally accepted that where metallurgical and engineering research does not aim at improving the quality and reducing the cost of steel products, its business interest to the manufacturer is of little moment.
Several standard works on the metallurgy of steel, to which reference has been made in the following pages, deal in some measure with the cost of steel manufacture, but so far as I am aware no previous attempt has been made to compare systematically the costs of all the steel-making processes, having in view their metallurgical and engineering significance. It is my belief, as the outcome of several years' experience in the construction and management of modern steel works, that the facts given herein will be welcomed by steel manufacturers, managers, engineers, metallurgists, chemists, draughtsmen, and all others who are interested in the efficient equipment and control of steel works.
Information and data of practical use to steel makers generally are given, including -
1. The analyses and costs of iron ores, pig irons, refractory materials, fluxes, ferro-alloys and fuels, all of which are principally arranged in tabular form for easy reference.
2. The composition of charges for different classes of steel, with particulars of the finishing additions required.
3. Details of the construction, arrangement, and cost of furnaces and plant.
4. Methods of assembling steel works' costs and details concerning the value of labour and the costs of living in various industrial countries.
It is, however, particularly desired to emphasise the importance of the study of costs in steel manufacture to students of metallurgy. A systematic treatment of the subject, not only as applied to iron and steel, but to all metals worked commercially, might be introduced as part of the metallurgical course at universities and other educational institutions. The subject has already received some attention in the high schools of Germany and in the U.S.A., and I was pleased to learn from Dr. Hamerschlog while on a recent visit to the Carnegie Technical Institute, Pittsburg, U.S.A., that the importance of teaching students the money value of materials in the raw and manufactured states, together with their physical and chemical values, was being recognised.
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