Excerpt from Report on Cold-Rolled Iron and Steel, 1878, Vol. 1
The investigations here reported were undertaken by the undersigned at the request of Messrs. Jones & Laughlins, proprietors of the American Iron Works, Pittsburgh, in the summer of the year 1877, and have been continued almost uninterruptedly to date. They constitute the most complete research upon the properties of any one of the many metals used in engineering construction that has yet been made, so far as the knowledge of the writer extends. They include tests of finished shafting and round iron from 2 9/16 inches in diameter down to 5/8 inch, both in tension and by transverse strain, and tests in the Autographic Recording Testing Machine of iron cut from each grade and size.
The tests exhibiting the fact that cold-rolling produces a bar of more uniform strength from surface to centre than is made by the common process of hot-rolling, are as important as the results are novel. Later tests which exhibit the fact that the "mild" or "low" steels, so-called, are benefited by the process are, if possible, of greater value than those of iron, since the use of these mild steels - or. more properly, homogeneous irons - seems certain to result in time in the exclusion of puddled iron and steel from all engineering work.
These investigations have been made in the Mechanical Laboratory of the Department of Engineering of the Stevens Institute of Technology, where one-half of each broken test-piece is retained. The record books of the Laboratory also contain the original records from which the figures here given are taken. Both the retained samples and the records can be seen, with the results of an immense number of other tests, by any one who chooses to examine them.
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