Excerpt from Report of Program Activities, Vol. 2: National Institute of Dental Research
Noteworthy advances were made during the year in all four Strategy Areas of the National Caries Program:
I: Combat the Microbial Agent
II: Increase Tooth Resistance
III: Alter Harmful Properties of the Diet
IV: Improve Delivery and Acceptance of Caries Prevention Methods.
A grantee had reported that human volunteers vaccinated with killed cells of Streptococcus mutans via the gastric route had increased salivary antibody titers against this organism. NCP scientists repeated this experiment and confirmed that antibody levels Increased in both serum and saliva following three vaccinations, per os. Thus the principle of oral Immunization against dental caries, previously established in laboratory animals, appears feasible in humans also.
Analysis of final pre-clinical data from tests of a slow release device for intra-oral administration of fluoride showed that fluoride release rates in dogs were remarkably stable, at about l mg F per day. over an eight month period. Acute and chronic toxicity evaluation of the device has shown no contraindications for human use, and Phase I clinical trials have begun. It is anticipated that successful development of this slow release system could substantially decrease the cost of delivery of fluoride and other cariostatic agents.
A major program effort was directed toward the development of a valid, reproducible reginen to screen common food items for their cariogenic potential. For practical and ethical reasons, such assessments cannot be made by long-term human trials. The NCP system involves preliminary assessment of the tendency of a food to produce acids from fermentation by oral microorganisms. This is determined by monitoring plaque pH levels in vivo using intra-oral telemetry. A prototype telemetry system has been developed and is ready for human testing. Phase II of the screening system involves feeding the test food to laboratory rats using a unique protocol developed by NCP scientists. The method involves giving the animals all required nutrients by stomach tube, but feeding the test food at fixed intervals and in measured quantities using a programmed feeding machine. Thus any caries which develops is ascribable solely to the cariogenicity of the tested food. Preliminary results from this food screening system were reported during the year.
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