Excerpt from The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Vol. 41: Fourth Series, January-June, 1871
In the Bessemer process the progress of the decarbonization is determined chiefly by the appearance of the smoke, flame, and sparks which are emitted from the apparatus. Owing to the rapidity with which the reactions take place, it is highly important to catch the exact moment when the blast should be turned off. This is indicated by the colour and brightness of the stream of gas issuing from the converter; and by this the moment of total decarbonization can generally be accurately determined by the naked eye. When, however, pig iron of certain qualities is used (manganiferous iron, for example) this determination is very difficult; even those who have had much experience make frequent mistakes, and find it impossible to produce the same quality of steel at every blow.
In order to intensify these flame-indications, use has been made of the spectroscope, and also of various combinations of coloured glasses. The former was first attempted by Dr. Roscoe, and the latter by Mr. Rowan at the Atlas Works.
Mr. Rowan experimented with a great variety of coloured glasses, and obtained the best results by using three glasses - two of ultramarine-blue and one of dark yellow.
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