Excerpt from Outline of Lecture Notes on General Chemistry

Some fifty elements are metals. No sharp line can be drawn between the metals and the non-metals, and the classification into these two groups is to some extent arbitrary, and is retained chiefly for convenience. The metals exhibit, however, certain properties which serve to distinguish them in a general way from the non-metals; chief among these are the physical property of metallic lustre and the chemical property of forming salts by the replacement of the hydrogen of acids.

Occurrence.

Many of the metallic elements are widely distributed, but only some fifteen or sixteen occur abundantly. Very few are found in the free or native state. Of these, gold and the metals of the platinum group almost always occur native; bismuth is usually found in the metallic state; while silver, copper, mercury and antimony are sometimes free, but oftener combined.

The compounds in which the metals occur most commonly, are: for the heavy metals, oxides and sulphides; for the light metals, silicates, carbonates, sulphates, and other salts.

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