Excerpt from First Observations in Astronomy: A Handbook for Schools and Colleges
Real knowledge in science depends upon direct study of objects and phenomena. Astronomy is no exception. Literally to look up, to see with our own eyes and to find out by seeing, - these things are the beginnings of astronomy.
As a guide to first observations, this handbook has been written. With few exceptions, the mechanical appliances required can be made by a carpenter or by the students themselves. Simple tools are best at first. It needs but slight experience with protractors, plumb lines, gnomons, and sun-dials to realize how aptly they can be used in scientific training, and how much meaning they put into different subjects. Not a little light will reach some of the dark places of geography and arithmetic, when teachers are accustomed to make simple observations, and know how to interest boys and girls in finding the latitude of the school building with the window gnomon, and the error of the clock from the horizontal sun-dial. At present, we sometimes have so-called courses of nature study with the sun in heaven left out!
A few topics of advanced character, dealing mainly with time and longitude, have been included in the final chapter; but, as a rule, simplicity of treatment has been carefully guarded, and mathematical knowledge beyond elementary branches is not required.
No effort has been made to deal even in a cursory manner with descriptive astronomy. It must, of course, receive its due meed of attention, and when the sky is cloudy, or the weather very cold, emphasis is naturally placed on that part of the subject.
To add vividness to the illustrations, many observations have been prepared, under the writers direction, in different parts of the country, by different students, and are marked with their initials.
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