Excerpt from The Philosophy of F. H. Jacobi
Jacobi lived in one of the most stirring political and literary periods of German history, and in the most important period of modern philosophy. He lived through the era of the French Revolution and of the Napoleonic Wars, and was a contemporary of Goethe, Schiller, and Lessing in literature, and of Kant, Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel in philosophy. In addition to the contemporary influences which these names represent, the effects of earlier movements were still manifest in many ways. The religious influence of the Reformation was continued in Pietism, under the shadow of which he passed his earlier years. This early training gave a decidedly religious tone to his life, and to all his philosophical work.
It is probable, too, that this movement had much to do with the general reaction against the rigid rationalism of the Aufklarung, which set in when Jacobi was a young man. This tendency found its clearest expression in Hamann's Gefulhlsphilosophie. It was undoubtedly this movement which led Jacobi to extend sympathy and help to the new Romanticism, with its simpler and healthier views of the world and of human life. Never before had literary and historical criticism assumed such importance; for it was largely through these, in the first instance, that the strength of Romanticism was expressed. Mysticism, too, was still alive and an active force in society, and especially in religion. Jacob Boehme, indeed, had given it some standing in philosophy, and it was now destined to have a much larger place. This was due to the fact that it had passed beyond the stage of physical excitation, and of a mere rule of life, such as it was in Eckhart and Tauler and to some extent in Boehme, and had adopted a rationalistic procedure. An intellectuelle Anschauung had taken the place of the earlier emotional intuition; and this had raised mysticism from the position of a mere individualistic rule of life to that of a philosophical doctrine or universal principle. This Jacobi eventually developed further than any of his predecessors.
His Life.
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