Dictionary of national biography Volume . 63 Sir Leslie Stephen

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1900 Excerpt: ...he continued verbally to assert in vague and general language; but, whenever he defined, the real presence tended more and more to be explained as a spiritual presence, the bread and wine ever more and more to become a sign of the reality, and not the reality itself. If for a time he still was! even content to say that "the bread and 1 wine are transubstantiated into the body and blood of Christ," the admission was qualified by the words " in a figure," or "virtually, as a king is in the whole of his kingdom," or " as a man is created into a pope, while remaining the same man as he was before" (ib. p. 107). To the last his views on the subject were tentative, shifting,and barelv consistent. But the metaphysical dogma of the mediaeval schools in which alone transubstantiation becomes a definite, clearly cut, arguable, in--: tellectual position--the doctrine ofthe fourth j Lateran council, of the angelical doctor, of the whole mediaeval church--was now for the first time publicly challenged, dissected, ridiculed in the mediaeval schools. Wycliffe, understanding much better than its conventional teachers the true meaning of realism,denied the possibility ofthe accidents--the sensible properties--of the bread and wine remaining while their " substance" was destroyed, and replaced by the substance of the body and blood of Christ. All Wycliffe"s previous aberrations from orthodoxy were not insusceptible of some defence on traditional lines; all, if eventually condemned, had been held by considerable sections of the church. Many of the Gallican opponents of the schism, for instance, were going quite as j far as Wycliffe in minimising the authority of the papacy, and even in upholding that of the secular power. Wycliffe"s new heresy sealed his doom in the eyes of t... Это и многое другое вы найдете в книге Dictionary of national biography Volume . 63 (Sir Leslie Stephen)