Excerpt from The Principles of Hydrostatics: Designed for the Use of Students in the University
(Art. 1.) The science which treats of the nature and properties of Fluids has been usually divided into the following branches: Hydrostatics, which comprises the doctrine of the equilibrium of non-elastic fluids, as water, mercury, &c.; Hydraulics, which relates to the motion of those fluids; and Pneumatics, which treats of the properties of the different kinds of airs. But these are now all included under the general term Hydrostatics.
(2.) A Fluid is a body whose parts are put in motion one amongst another by any force impressed; and which, when the impressed force is removed, restores itself to its former state.
Fluids may be divided into elastic and non-elastic. An elastic fluid is one, whose dimensions are diminished by increasing the pressure, and increased by diminishing the pressure upon it; of which description are the different kinds of airs. A non-elastic fluid is one, whose dimensions are not, at least as to sense, affected by any increase of pressure, as water, mercury, &c.
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