Excerpt from The History of Co-Operation
"Chi ha un compagno ha un padrone." - Italian Proverb.
("He who has a partner has a master.")
Industrial Co-operation includes not merely union for strength, but union for participation in the profits made in concert, but the theory has not always been applied consistently to the workshop.
In a store the purchasers share the total profits. In a proper productive society, after the payment of all expenses of wages, of capital, material, rent, education, and reserve fund - the total profits are divisible among the thinkers and workers who have made them, according to the value of their labour estimated by their respective salaries, and to customers according to their purchases.
The members of manufacturing societies in some cases prove themselves wanting in patience and generosity towards their comrades. The smarter sort, perceiving that a successful trade may speedily produce large profits, prefer converting the co-operative affair into a joint-stock one, and keeping the gains in their own hands, taking their chance of hiring labour like other employers. Thus, instead of the mastership of two or three, they introduce the system of a hundred masters. They multiply organisations for individuals, and enlarge the field of strikes, and prepare new ground for contests between capital and labour.
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