Excerpt from Panorama of the Battle of Missionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain
The Battles of Missionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain, in the vicinity of Chattanooga, are of two-fold interest to the student of history, not only on account of the brilliancy and heroism of the officers and men, causing this to be the turning point in the great struggle for the maintenance of the Union, but because these well-earned victories made amends for the defeat which the Union Army had suffered near the same field, Chickamauga Creek, some two months before.
After the army under General Meade had defeated the Confederates at Gettysburg, in July, 1863, and General Lee had crossed the Potomac, the attempt was made by General Rosecrans, in command of the Army of the Cumberland, to shake the position of the Southern Army under General Bragg, and endeavor to force him back from his intrenchments. The task was one of great difficulty on account of his almost total lack of cavalry, Rosecrans repeated requests at Washington for reinforcements not having been complied with. However, through skillful man?uvring, Rosecrans was signally successful in forcing Bragg out of his positions and on to the border line of Northern Georgia, whereupon the latter concentrated his troops at Chattanooga, carefully fortifying the surrounding heights, and erecting to the south and east of the city strong intrenchments. As soon, however, as General Bragg became aware that Rosecrans did not intend to make an attack upon the city of Chattanooga, but was crossing the Tennessee and going North, and that a portion of Rosecrans" forces were already moving in his rear, Bragg concluded to abandon the city and sought to gain a position in front of the advancing Union Army. This movement, which had much the appearance of a retreat, deceived General Rosecrans as to the enemies intentions, and its strength, and before he realized the disadvantageousness of his position, on the 19th of September, he was drawn into a battle at Chickamauga Creek, which resulted in a disastrous defeat. The gravest consequences were only averted through the unbroken resistance offered by General Thomas, whom the enemy was unable to drive from the field. And through which resistance the retreating troops of the North were able to find shelter behind the same intrenchments at Chattanooga, erected by the enemy for their defense. On the 20th of September, General Thomas also withdrew behind the fortifications of Chattanooga. The battle was lost, but Chattanooga saved.
General Bragg then surrounded the defeated Union Army at Chattanooga, where for two months it was held in a state of siege.
Situation of Military Affairs at the End Of October, 1863.
During this interval of time, Gen. U. S. Grant had been appointed to the chief command of the military division of the Mississippi.
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