Excerpt from Diseases of Women: Including Abnormalities of Pregnancy, Labor and Puerperium; A Clinical Study of Pathological Conditions Characteristic of the Five Periods of Woman"s Life
Early in his experience as a teacher the writer found that he could interest and instruct medical students, and make them think, by the use of written reports of cases. In clinical teaching, time and circumstances often do not permit a consideration of all the bearings of a given case or its relation to other cases: moreover, it is neither kind nor wise to discuss a case fully in the presence of the conscious patient; and certainly not, to touch upon the prognosis, unless it be most favorable. Besides, the diagnosis arrived at may be wrong, or incomplete; and, if the same group of students happens not to see the patient again, such errors may never come to their knowledge. Then, granting that the student sees administered the treatment thought best by the teacher at the time, there may not be favorable opportunity to discuss other methods of dealing with the case, or the reasons why the chosen line of treatment was adopted. Again, in a busy clinic hour, there may not be time for a careful consideration of aetiology. In a clinical exercise, then, it may be said that a student most profitably seeks to educate his eyes and his sense of touch, - to learn physical examination and the technique of treatment, to train his powers of observation, and to acquire deftness with his fingers. But when a case is well written up, and irrelevant details eliminated, it may profitably be gone over with a class in retrospect: then pathological reports are available, errors in diagnosis and the reasons for them may be examined, and the results of treatment are known. Then, too, by a well-directed use of the Socratic method of asking questions, a teacher may lead his students to think out the reasons why, and to understand the reciprocal relationship between pathological conditions and physical signs and symptoms.
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