Excerpt from Tomorrow a New World: The New Deal Community Program
The depression that began in 1929 was a powerful catalyst in the modem American reaction against the idea of individualism and against the well-established institutions which gave that idea reality. This reaction was well under way by the end of the nineteenth century, but did not attain the proportions that it reached during the period of the New Deal. Never before had it so permeated the federal government or led to so many attempts at institutional reforms. The reaction was rooted in the vastly altered physical environment, which is generally attributed to a technological, a scientific, or an industrial revolution, and in a greatly altered intellectual environment, which was closely related to scientific advances and which quite completely destroyed the intellectual foundations of nineteenth-century rationalism, liberalism, and individualism, even as it gave a philosophic basis for the modem social sciences. This reaction against individualism, or this movement toward a new collectivism, is not at all synonymous with the New Deal, which reflected other, more traditional currents of thought; it was, however, a major element in the New Deal, shaping a large part of its program.
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