Excerpt from On the Phalanges of the United States of America
The Phalange?, or Opilionina, as they are sometimes called, are a suborder of the Trachean Arachnids of the same rank as the Pedipalpi of the Pulmonary Arachnids.
The external skeleton, the tegument contains chitine, as does indeed that of all the arachnids, remaining firm although becoming transparent, when the animal is soaked in a solution of caustic potash. It is variously ornamented with tubercles or spines, and more rarely punctated or excavated. Good specific characters can frequently be drawn from it.
The cephalothorax and abdomen are closely fused together, although in most cases the line of separation is more or less distinct. The cephalothorax is never, at least in any species the author has seen, at all segmented; it is generally smaller than the abdomen, but in the family Gonyleptid?, it is expanded into a broad plate, entirely overshadowing the very small abdomen. The latter is in all the Phalange? more or less distinctly segmented.
Near the centre of the cephalothorax is a more or less prominent abrupt elevation or large tubercle, upon which the eyes are situated.
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