Excerpt from The University of New Mexico Bulletin: The Saline Springs of the Rio Salado
In the northwestern part of New Mexico is a region of uplift known as the Jemez Plateau. Mount Pelado, or "Baldy," which rises to an elevation of 11, 200 feet, is the culminating point of the plateau, this peak being part of the rim of an old volcano. The southern part of the plateau is bounded on the west by the Rio Puerco and on the east by the Rio Grande, but very close to the western part of the uplift near Ojo del Espiritu Santo there rises a stream known as the Rio Salado which flows south, and then east, joining the Jemez River, the latter flowing east to the Rio Grande, and forming a southern boundary of the region.
Springs are numerous on the plateau and on its flanks; the Sulfurs, near Mount Pelado, with their hot acid water; the Soda Dam Springs, further south in the Canyon San Diego; the Jemez Hot Springs, on the Jemez River; the Indian Springs; and then along the Rio Salado at the southwest of the uplift, the San Ysidro Springs and the Phillips Springs.
H. N. Herrick describes the geological conditions along the Rio Salado, as follows: "All along the western base of the Nacimiento Mountains (the western part of the Jemez uplift), are exposures of the Red Beds with thick bands of gypsum and gypsiferous shales high in salines.
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