Excerpt from The Methylation of Para-Aminophenol by Means of Formaldehyde
I. The Condensations of Formaldehyde and Aromatic Amines
In the condensations of formaldehyde with the amines, the fundamental change consists in the splitting out of the elements of water, with the result that a methylene-group is introduced. Typically the necessary hydrogen atoms are displaced from an amino-group, or from two imino-groups. It is characteristic of certain condensations, however, that only nuclear hydrogen atoms are involved. The course of the condensation depends upon (a) the nature of the medium in which condensation occurs, i.e., whether neutral, alkaline, or acid, (b) the relative proportions of amine and aldehyde, (c) the presence of substances with which further reaction may occur, and (d) the influence of substituent groups present in the amine molecule.
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