Excerpt from Polyphase Currents
Elementary Study of Alternating Currents.
In order to lead up to the subject of polyphase alternating currents, it will be advisable to consider, in the first place, the general principles which underlie the working of all alternating currents of electricity, whether single phase or polyphase; and it is proposed to devote this and the following chapter to an elementary study of single-phase currents; the object being to point out the essential differences between direct and alternating currents, and explain the various effects peculiar to alternate-current working.
(1) Definition. - An alternating current is - as indicated by the name - a current which, instead of being unidirectional, such as the current produced by a battery or a continuous-current dynamo, flows first in one direction and then in the opposite direction in regular succession. In other words, it is a current which, starting from zero value, increases in strength in a positive direction until it reaches its maximum positive value; it then dies down to zero value, after which it rises to its maximum negative value, and again falls to zero; this process being repeated in a periodic manner.
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