Excerpt from Typical Methods of Thinking in Science and Philosophy
A study of modern theories in science and philosophy reveals very contrasted methods of thinking. By some of these methods conclusions have been reached which are recognized as valuable acquisitions to the store of useful knowledge, while by other methods, conclusions have been reached which have never gained wide recognition and which have remained independent of the general evolution of thought.
We may hope to benefit by our experience with thinking and by a comparative study of past efforts, may discover principles which will guide us to fruitful results in the future. The purpose of this thesis is to study a number of typical theories in science and philosophy, to compare and classify them, to analyze the method of procedure in each, to consider the simplicity, believability and usefulness of each; and thus to draw conclusions as to the comparative value of the different methods used in deriving the theories.
The theories considered will be: Darwin's - "Origin of Species," Hyslop's - "Science and a Future Life," Locke's, - "Essay Concerning Human Understanding," "The Theory of Ions," "The Theory of Inorganic Evolution," and "The Theory of Matter as Electrical."
Statement and Analysis of Darwin's Theory of the Origin of Species.
Darwin in his theory of "The Origin of Species" reasons as follows: - Under domestication, we find much individual variation in both animals and plants. The causes of the variations are many, complex, and little understood; but for the purposes of the theory the variations may be taken to be perfectly indefinite or of chance occurrence. Some are variations of structure and some of function.
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