Excerpt from Government or Human Evolution: Individualism and Collectivism
In attempting to apply to the problem of Government the definition of Justice proposed at the close of the first volume, we find ourselves confronted by two theories, known under the names Individualism and Collectivism respectively. In this volume we shall endeavour to define these theories and determine their respective use and consequence. But before doing so, there is a double meaning to the word "collectivism" which it is important very carefully to distinguish; for it is used to mean not only the method by which justice may be promoted, but also the condition of society in which justice might be ultimately attained. Now with collectivism in the latter of these two meanings this work has comparatively little to do; for it has already been explained that we have no reason for believing that justice ever will be attained in the perfection proposed by the ideal collectivist State. Our definition of justice describes it as the "effort to eliminate from our social conditions the effects of the inequalities of nature upon the happiness and advancement of man," and it has been explained that there are certain inequalities of nature the effects of which no political scheme can ever eliminate.
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