Excerpt from Papers of the Hawaiian Historical Society, Vol. 9: The Uncompleted Treaty of Annexation of 1854; Presented Before the Hawaiian Historical Society July 2, 1897, by Prof. W. D. Alexander
An embassy had afterwards been sent to Paris, which from no fault of its members, proved unsuccessful. After the return of this embassy, M. Em. Perrin was sent to Honolulu as Commissioner of France, in the corvette "Serieuse," which arrived at Honolulu, December 13, 1850, and remained in port three months, without exchanging salutes with the fort. To the surprise of all, he persisted in pressing the identical ten demands, presented by Admiral De Tromelin in 1849, and his attitude become so menacing that the King and Privy Council were finally driven to seek protection from one of the great Powers. On the 10th of March, 1851, they passed a proclamation, placing the Islands provisionally under the protection of the United States of America. (See Appendix A.) They had, however, previously applied to General Miller, the British Consul-General, who reluctantly admitted that the Convention between France and Great Britain of November 28th, 1843, effectually debarred his Government from accepting a protectorate over the Islands.
On the next day, a conditional deed of cession of the Kingdom to the United States was drawn up, signed and delivered in a sealed envelope to Hon. L. Severance, the Commissioner of the United States, by two of the King's ministers. This was to be acted upon only in case of an emergency, the signal of which was to be the raising of the flag of the United States above that of Hawaii over the fort. In that case, the sovereignty of the Islands was to be ceded to the United States, to be held in trust until a settlement of their relations with France, "compatible with the King's rights as an independent sovereign," could be made, and if this should be found to be impracticable, the said protectorate was to be perpetual.
The U. S. S. "Vandalia," Captain Gardner, was in port at the time. The deed of cession was accepted by Mr. Severance provisionally, and referred to bis government.
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