Excerpt from Report of a Survey of the Public Schools of Leavenworth, Kansas, 1915, Vol. 4
It is recognized that the product of instruction in school is complex; that it at least consists of habits, knowledge, and ideals. At present we have no instruments for measuring ideals or knowledge, but we do have several instruments which can be used to measure certain specific habits; e. g., the Courtis tests in arithmetic, the handwriting scales of Ayres and Thorndike, the spelling tests of Buckingham and Ayres, the drawing scale of Thorndike.
To measure the habit portion of the product of instruction does not mean that knowledge and ideals are considered less important. The latter are not measured simply because, as stated above, educational experts have not discovered a means of doing the work.
In order that the schools of Kansas might have a central place where tests like those mentioned above could be secured and results compiled, the State Board of Administration established at the Kansas State Normal School the Bureau of Educational Measurements and Standards. The character and work of the bureau may be stated as follows:
1. It is to be a state bureau.
2. The work of the bureau must be cooperative. The Kansas State Normal School will provide expert direction and clerical assistance. The superintendents and teachers of the state can furnish information, etc.
3. The function is -
a. To make accessible to the superintendents and teachers of Kansas tests and scales.
b. To establish Kansas standards.
c. To devise new tests.
d. To investigate problems of school administration and provide comparative data for the use of superintendents and boards of education.
4. Although this bureau has been established recently, this type of work was begun by the Kansas State Normal School over a year ago. This year (1914-'15) the Courtis tests have been made accessible to the superintendents. An algebra test and a silent reading test have been devised. The cost of instruction in high schools and retardation in elementary schools are being investigated.
5. The work of the bureau will be published.
6. Similar bureaus or departments have been established in nine cities of the United States, and in less than that number of colleges and universities.
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