Excerpt from International Review of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 1
In the Various succession states of Eastern Europe, by which one means not only those that have succeeded to the inheritance of the Hapsburgs, but those which occupy territories formerly included within the Russian, German and Ottoman Empires, there has been a common movement towards the more equal distribution of land. This movement is not collectivist, because the land so distributed is to be held in private ownership by those who make good their claim to it. The motives behind it, however, need not on that account be distinguished too sharply from those which have animated the collectivism of town workers, as the only way of giving the latter a direct interest in industrial undertakings is not to divide these into small workshops (which would be an impossible course) but either to hand them over to the workers or "nationalize" them.
The difference in methods, however, of realizing the several ambitions of the urban and rural workers leads to a great divergence in effects. A country which divides its rural land among its peasantry commits itself to a "distributionist" ideal.
Further there is an old tradition in favour of the distribution of land among warriors after a war; and modern conscript armies are largely composed of peasants, who naturally find this traditional method of rewarding service in war suit all their strongest ideas and inclinations. The political changes which have come over all of the countries concerned have facilitated the satisfaction of those long cherished popular desires.
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