Excerpt from Telephone Apparatus: An Introduction to the Development and Theory
Progress is possible for those who know not only how, but also why a thing is done.
Appreciation of present practice and ability to promote progress are open to those who have knowledge of how and why certain things are commonly done, and are familiar with other ways by which equal or better results have been attempted or might be achieved.
Study of the art and of the science of any line of human endeavor (telephony, for example) should therefore include historical and other possible methods, as well as current practice.
The development and application of the laws which express the ways in which nature works in any line of activity, may be considered as the theory of that subject. In the early stages, a theory may be considered as only a tentative supposition, or hypothesis, or guess at the way in which nature works. But with more extended experience and philosophical analysis comes better understanding, and the tentative explanation develops into a theory. When properly developed and properly understood, theory should not only explain phenomena which have been observed already, but should even enable one to predict with reasonable assurance what result may be expected when new conditions arise. Theory should also point out more or less distinctly not only possible means of securing desired results, but may even indicate the best of several means. Theory and practice are usually developed together, sometimes one being further advanced and then the other.
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