Excerpt from Health Conservation at Steel Mills
The "safe first" campaign, instituted for the prevention of injury and loss of human life, was a timely movement. As a preventive measure it meets the hearty support and cooperation of all. The results that have been obtained have been of great value and benefit to the employer, the employee, his dependents, and society at large. The accomplished work is admirable and can be compared to the public health movement of the last 50 years as "a noble example of successful, philanthropic activity."
Consideration of the end toward which the movement is aiming - the saving of life and limb - clearly brings out the fact that there is a broader field into which to extend the safety propaganda. The idea should not be confined to the relatively narrow field of accident prevention alone, but should be expanded to include the prevention of all those factors that in the end produce the same result - the partial or total incapacitation of the worker. These factors have been called into being as a result of the change in the character of man's work, the conditions under which it is performed, and the amount of work necessary to self-maintenance. From an industrial standpoint these changes became particularly noticeable with the substitution of steam for water power. With this revolution began many of the industrial health hazards. The number and seriousness of occupational health hazards have increased rapidly with the evolution of new machinery, the use of new materials and processes of manufacture, and the resulting new products. The attempted or forced adaption of the human body to this change environment has resulted in many abnormal conditions. The importance of the prevention of disease among workers can be realized from the fact that the average loss of time due to illness among approximately 30,000,000 workers in the United States in 9 days a year. This is 270,000,000 working days or about 750,000 working years annually. If medical attention be estimated at one dollar a day and earnings at two dollars a day this loss amounts to nearly $880,000,000 annually.
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