Excerpt from The Heat Treatment of Tool Steel: An Illustrated Description of the Physical Changes and Properties Induced in Tool Steel by Heating and Cooling Operations
The following pages are intended to be helpful to the trained artisan and foreman, whose business it is to produce steel objects and tools for various purposes. Also to the merchant, manufacturer's representative, and other official, who frequently meet complaints which they would like to fathom, and are often called upon to assume a knowledge of the properties of steel somewhat out of proportion to the opportunities afforded by the daily routine of their business.
In the steel trade, perhaps more than in any other trade, the consumer looks to the manufacturer to furnish instructions about all materials and processes relating to the properties of steel. This state of affairs arose quite naturally at a time when the means at our disposal for investigating and classifying tool steels were confined exclusively to an examination of the fractured ingot or bar. This kind of examination the steelmaker developed into an art, which he practised with wonderful proficiency and accuracy long before the science of analytical chemistry was competent to replace his "tempers" by percentages of carbon.
From the combined experience of the maker and user of steel there arose eventually a system whereby material of approximately the same kind was supplied, from whatever source it came, for the same purpose. As this system was based on appearances intelligible only to the competent steelmaker, it was inevitable that he should, in most cases, become arbiter and judge as to defects and remedies incidental to the heat treatment of tools.
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