Excerpt from Bacteria in Their Relation to Vegetable Tissue: A Dissertation Presented to the Board of University Studies of the Johns Hopkins University for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
Flugge states that bacteria almost never attack higher plants, giving as an only exception Wakker's hyacinth - disease. The low temperature of plants and the chemical composition of vegetable juices he regards as very unfavorable for the development of bacteria, more especially as the cell-juices almost always possess a distinct acid reaction, and thus protect the plant against these microorganisms, which are so sensitive in this respect.
Hartig,in the recent edition of his Lchrbuchdcr Baumkrankhciten (p. 37), also urges the view that the acid reaction of plants prevents the growth and development of bacteria, and that they play a very unimportant role in the production of plant-disease. In the hyacinth-disease above referred to, he says the bacteria do not attack sound, well-ripened bulbs under normal conditions,but only when the tissues have been more or less injured by wounds or previous attacks of fungi.
He notices, also, Burrill's claim that the pear-blight is caused by a specific bacillus, but is somewhat skeptical that the form referred to is anything but a secondary accompaniment of the malady.
DeBary is inclined to support the general views advanced by Hartig, but in his last edition of Die Bakterien {S. 36) he states that it might be possible for bacteria to gain access, through stomata, into the tissues of higher plants, but that this is probable is yet undetermined and needs further investigation.
These observers, all of them recognized authorities in the realm of pathology, seem to regard it as quite improbable that bacteria have any important bearing upon the production of plant-disease. Whether this unanimity of expression is due to the actual absence of bacterial plant-maladies in Europe generally, or because investigations have not been directed in these channels, can only be inferred.
In consideration of the fact that this branch of vegetable pathology is of increasing importance, and that the reasons assigned for the apparent exemption of plant-tissues from the attacks of micro-organisms have been largely based upon the general law known in regard to bacterial life in general, it was deemed advisable that a series of investigations should be carried out with different micro-organisms, to see what effect contact with the living plant-tissues would have upon them; so, at the suggestion of Prof. Welch, this topic was taken up for consideration.
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