Excerpt from The American Geologist, Vol. 27: A Monthly Journal of Geology and Allied Sciences; January to June, 1901
Tuff-cones, of which a number have been formed 011 the eastern coasts of the island of Oahu, arc produced by the class of eruptions distinguished as " explosive." The semi-liquid tuff has been projected in a jet or fountain to a considerable distance and having been driven laterally by the expansion of the steam and other gases contained, has fallen at some distance from the vent, building up a cone with a more or less regular rim enclosing a concave bowl. All the explosive eruptions actually observed seem to have occupied a very brief time. The greatest one, that of Krakatoa, was probably less than one hour in actual emission, although the fall of its lighter ejecta continued for several hours.
It therefore seems remarkable that an opposite opinion should have been expressed respecting the eruption which placed Diamond Head. This typical tuff-cone, lying in the suburbs of Honolulu, bounds our ocean view to the eastward. It was recently examined by Doctor W. H. Dali of the Smithsonian Institution with especial regard to the age of the fossil shells found in its debris. In the "Bulletin of the Geological Society of America," Volume 11, pp. 57-60, Dr. Dali expressed conclusions respecting the age of the crater, which I feel obliged to controvert.
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