Excerpt from Lessons in Organic Chemistry: Part I. Elementary
Province of Organic Chemistry. - Up to the beginning of this century it was generally supposed that all chemical substances might be sharply divided into two classes, according as their formation was, or was not, possible without the aid of living organisms; those compounds which had been obtained only from some animal or plant were called organic bodies, and the action of the mysterious "vital force" was believed to be necessary for their formation. In 1828, however, the German chemist Wohler prepared urea, a typical organic substance, from inorganic materials by a chemical reaction of very simple character, and thus broke down the separation which up to that time had been maintained between inorganic and organic substances; but, as a matter of convenience, we still retain the name organic chemistry for a department of the science which is concerned with the chemistry of the compounds of two elements, carbon and hydrogen, and their numerous derivatives. Amongst these are included nearly all the substances formed by the complicated chemical processes lying at the base of life, whether animal or vegetable, as well as a still larger number which have been prepared artificially by the simple processes of the laboratory.
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